Defining methods Inside class declaration class person { … void input() { cinageFNameLName; } // semicolon not required … }; a method defined inside a class declaration is inline by default outside of the class: - use the scope operator - by default, such method is not inline void person :: s...
Derived class adult contains fields and methods: char * name, * surname — inherited, inaccessible for the class adult char *nr_ID_card — private in adult print_name(), print_surname () — public, inherited from person person::print_all() — public, inherited, hidden: use scope operator (::) to acce...
Friend by declaring a ”friendly” code we allow accessing protected and private members of the class class A { friend C::theMethodNoArg(); // specific method (if overloaded, then with specific args) friend class B; // concerns whole declaration of...
Initialization list in a definition of a constructor (and only there) we may use an initialization list T() : member(initializer) [, member(initializer) …] { } class point { double x, y; public: // … point():x(0.0), y(0.0) {}; }; inline point::point(double d) :x(d), y(d) { // all done } point::po...
Matching overloaded functions no more than one conversion per argument pick lowest match level, ambiguity is an error 1. exact match (no conversion, but table to pointer, function to pointer...
Memory management allocating memory: operator new syntax: new Type example: int * pi = new int; // in C: pi = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)) deallocating: operator delete syntax: delete pointe...
Operators What is an operator a = b.val 4 + c * d[ e++ ] operator defines operations performed on its arguments and the type of the resulting expression - similarly to functions in C++, we may define operators to be used with objects (at least one argument of the operator should be an object...
Order of calling constructors and Destructors Constructors 1. base class (classes in order of declaration) 2. class members in order of declaration 3. constructor's body Destructors - simply opposite order 1. destructor's body 2. destructors of class members (order opposite to declaration) 3. d...
Overloaded functions More than one function of the same name, … but different parameters Type of result is irrelevant (may not be used to overload) … because the result may be ignored in the call int f(int, int); int f(int); int f(long); Pointers to overloaded functions - the compiler has to ...
Problems with References Problems: - when the actual parameter type is not the same as formal - … or is an expression: char c=1, int a=2, int b=3; swap(a, c); swap(a+1, b); arguments are converted to const (const int), compiler expects int (not const) it should exit with error, usually issues...
