Sense and Reference-definitions-opracowanie

SENSE AND REFERENCE
Words other than proper names both have a meaning and can be used to refer to objects, and so can larger units such as phrases and sentences.
The German philosopher Bottlob Frege proposed that the meaning of and expression be called sense (Sinn), and if the expression refers to something, it has reference (Bedeutung)
Noun phrases normally have sense and can be used to refer. Thus the noun phrase
The man is my father.
-refers to a certain individual and has a certain sense or meaning that is different from that of
The man who married my mother.
-although both expressions may have the same referent.
Phrases may, however, have sense but no reference.
If not, we would be able to understand sentences like these:
The present king of France is bald.
By the year 3000, our descendants will have left Earth.
Speakers of English can understand these sentences, even though France now has no king, and our descendants of a millennium form now do not exist.
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