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MD DALIM 862920 7/22/06 CAYN MAG YELO BLACK
Models and Cognition
Models and Cognition
Prediction and Explanation in Everyday Life and in Science
Jonathan A. Waskan
A Bradford Book
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
© 2006 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information
storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.
For information on quantity discounts, please email special_sales@mitpress.mit.edu.
Set in Stone sans and Stone serif by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong. Printed
and bound in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Waskan, Jonathan A.
Models and cognition : prediction and explanation in everyday life and in
science / Jonathan A. Waskan.
p. cm.
“A Bradford book.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBNS: 978-0-262-23254-8, 0-262-23254-5 (alk. paper)
1. Philosophy of mind. 2. Cognitive science. I. Title.
BD418.3.W37
128′.2—dc22
2006
2006043842
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To my wife Laurie, for making me a better, happier man.
Contents
Preface
ix
Acknowledgements
1
xiii
Thoughts about the Mind: Past, Present, and Future
1.1 Philosophy, the Mind, and the Mechanical Worldview
1.2 The History of the Science(s) of the Mind
5
1.3 Philosophy and Cognitive Science
35
1
1
2
Folk Psychology and Cognitive Science
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Introduction
43
The Gauntlet of Irrealism
44
Archaic Presuppositions
50
Schematic Models
52
The Gauntlet Revisited
63
Cognitive Science and the Landscape of Competing Research Programs
Conclusion 75
Postscript: A Confession
76
43
3
Content, Supervenience, and Cognitive Science
3.1 Introduction
77
3.2 Ramifications for Folk Psychology
78
3.3 An Argument for the Wideness of Contents
78
3.4 A Digression on Supervenience
79
3.5 What Twin-Earth Thought Experiments Demonstrate
3.6 Ahistorical Determinants of Content
83
3.7 Externalism without Twins
88
3.8 The Planning Model
90
3.9 The Problem of Causal Impotence
97
3.10 Recap
106
82
77
69
viii
Contents
4
Dueling Metaphors
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Introduction
107
Metaphors and Mechanisms in Cognitive Science
The Logic Metaphor
109
The Scale-Model Metaphor
121
A Diagnosis for the Frame Problem
127
107
5
Thinking in Its Entirety
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
108
Introduction
133
Traditional Philosophical Objections
134
Reasoning and Representation
153
Conclusion 166
133
6
From Metaphor to Mechanism
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
Introduction
167
From Logic Metaphor to Logic Mechanism
169
A Dilemma
171
Intrinsic Computational Representations
177
The Intrinsic-Cognitive-Models Hypothesis
192
Conclusion 198
167
7
Models of Explanation
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Introduction
199
Cognitive Science and the Philosophy of Science
The Deductive-Nomological Model
203
Proposed Alternatives to the D-N Model
218
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