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Terrorism and Organized Crime
Lecture 1 & 2
During the course crime will be understood as an:
1. Act of a person
2. Prohibited
3. Penalized
4. Defined in legal system
5. Socially harmful
6. Culpable
7. Illegal
Notice that actually a definition of a crime is just one of many definitions that could be attached to an act of a human being (for example in Poland for some hardcore football fans fighting police is a part of an ethos of being a football fan while for others it is criminal behavior).
You should also notice that an act meeting the requirements above is always to a certain extent organized. So where is a line between crime and organized crime?
There are three approaches to understanding organized crime:
1. Emphasizing hierarchical organization - common and not professional approach, based on stereotypes of Italian Mafia.
2. Emphasizing the criminal nature of organized conduct - for example drug, human, arms trafficking, more pragmatic approach, specific for law-enforcement and jurisprudence.
3. Based on supply of and demand for crime - specific for political economy, analyzing crime as a market of goods and services, that are for some reason forbidden.
None of the approaches above should be treated as the only correct one. In reality all of them are useful, in certain circumstances some more than others. However, in case of each approach we may define three basic elements common to all understandings of organized crime:
1. Large scale crime
2. Involvement of Power
3. Financial aspect of activity
In case of organized crime the large scale crime is an instrument used for financial gain, while links to
(…)
… fighting police is a part of an ethos of being a football fan while for others it is criminal behavior).
You should also notice that an act meeting the requirements above is always to a certain extent organized. So where is a line between crime and organized crime?
There are three approaches to understanding organized crime:
1. Emphasizing hierarchical organization - common and not professional approach…
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