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Cargo ship A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship t hat carries goods and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade. Ca rgo ships are usually specially designed for the task, being equipped with cranes a nd other mechanisms to load and unload, and come in all sizes. Specialized types of cargo vessels include container ships a nd bulk carriers (t echnically tankers a nd supertankers a re cargo ships, although they are habitually thought of as a separate category). The earliest records of waterborne activity mention the carriage of items for trade; the evidence of history and archaeology shows the practice to be widespread by the beginning of the 1st millennium BC. T he desire to operate trade routes over longer distances and at more seasons of the year motivated improvements in ship design during the Middle Ages. Before the middle of the 19th century, t he incidence of piracy re sulted in most cargo ships being armed, sometimes quite heavily, as in the case of the Manila galleons a nd East Indiamen. Piracy i s still quite common in some of the waters roughly around Asia, most notably in the Malacca Straits, a narrow channel between Indonesia and Singapore / Malaysia. In 2004, the governments of those three nations agreed to provide better protection for the ships passing through the Straits. Also piracy prone are the waters off Somalia and Nigeria, whilst smaller vessels are also in danger along parts of the south-american coast. While the definitions have become "cross-pollinated" over the years, "cargo" technically refers to the goods carried aboard the ship for hire, while "freight" refers to the compensation the ship receives for carrying the cargo. Larger cargo ships are generally operated by shipping lines, c ompanies who specialize in the handling of cargo in general. Smaller vessels, such as coasters, a re often owned by their operators. Merchant vessels usually carry the designation M/V for "Motor Vessel". It is used as part of a ship's name, such as "M/V Independence ", similarly to how "SS" (now seldom used) stands for "Steam Ship" in names such as SS Uganda . Famous cargo ships would include the liberty ships of World War II w hich were prefabricated a ll over the USA a nd then assembled by the coast in an average of 6 weeks and as little as 4 days. These allowed the allies to replace cargo vessels faster that the Kriegsmarine' s U-boats c ould sink them and contributed significantly to the ability of the Allies to kee p Britain i n the war and build up men and equipment for the
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