Kwantyfikatory

Quantifiers Quantifiers are symbols used instead of words ”for every” and ” there exists”. ∀ - ”for every”, ”for all”, ”for each” - universal quantifier, big quantifier . Universal quantifier is a generalization of the conjunction: ∀ x p ( x ) means that p ( x 1 ) ∧ p ( x 2 ) ∧ ... ∧ p ( x n ) is true. ∃ - ”there exists”, ”there is” - existential quantifier, small quantifier . Existential quantifier is a generalization of the disjunction: ∃ x p ( x ) means that p ( x 1 ) ∨ p ( x 2 ) ∨ ... ∨ p ( x n ) is true. ∃ ! - ”there exists exactly one” - special case of existential quantifier. ∃ ! x p ( x ) means that there exists one and only one element x 0 , for which p ( x 0 ) is true. ... zobacz całą notatkę