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Chinese immigration
Presence of Chinese immigration in America dates back to the 16th century
The second half of the 19th century - discovery of gold; news spread quickly and became important in improving the situation in China
San Francisco - majority of immigrants from China entered the US
“the Gold Mountain” (in California); opportunity to improve condition, especially for uneducated people - you can become rich instantly, land of opportunity, that's how America was seen by China
1850-1882 - reentering peasants and unskilled labors; merchants were always better treated Social and economic situation in China - Opium War
Rebellion 1859-1864 - over 6 million people died in the rebellion , many people lost lands, unable to pay taxes and going to America; logical solution - go to America
Financing journey:
Pull system - everybody collects money
Credit tickets system - pay money back in the US
Labor contracting - organized by Western countries - pig selling
Immigration to California - advertisements; immigration to the US; America as democrating country; reception - first Chinese in the US - interest - China country out there; limited knowledge, Chinese welcome but America began to look at them with suspicion - the usual culturally, religion different. Chinese don't fit presented; the Chinese come to the Us to work, to earn money and it's not interested in the US. “Colly worker” - never be assimilated into the American society.
Growing significant to US economy on the other hand
Chinese contributed to building of transcontinental railroad
Growing anti-Chinese attitude
Denis Courvey - The Chinese Must Go
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) was a United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur on May 8, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration, a ban that was intended to last 10 years. This law was repealed by the Magnuson Act on December 17, 1943. Excluded on the basis of race used very racist assumption that all Chinese look the same - paper sons (sprzedawanie tożsamości)
Children of Chinese people become American citizens
Bachelor society - no woman allowed to enter the US
1965 - immigration Act still in operation
Description of Chinese - filth, yellow parallel
Wiersze wyryte na ścianie w detention center
Chinese location in the US:
San Francisco
New York
Ellis Island
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