Quick Sort Find a random element x Place elements = x in the right part Call the function recursively for both parts (if they are longer than 1 element) Complexity: O( n log n ) ( ...
Reading files A file may be rewound • may be done instead of storing a line in a buffer A common task: saving and reading variables in/from files How to organize a file Binary file (closed format) Text file (editable, larger, more dangerous) Text files Own format / syntax XML ...
Signals SIGABRT abnormal termination, e.g., from abort SIGFPE arithmetic error, e.g., zero divide or overflow SIGILL illegal function image, e.g., illegal instruction SIGINT interactive attention, e.g., interrupt SIGSEGV illegal storage ...
The gets() function Do not use this function! It does not know how many characters can be safely stored in the string passed to it Thus, if too many are read, memory will be corrupted Use the fgets() function instead and read from stdin R...
The preprocessor Preprocessing is the first step in the C program translation The preprocessor provides its own language It can be a very powerful tool to the programmer All preprocessor directives or commands begin with a # ...
Time measurement Functions: asctime ctime difftime ftime gettime gmtime localtime mktime settime time_t tzset Continuous time in seconds - Starting date: January 1st, 1970 - Type: long int (signed, 32-bits integer) - Maximum value: 2 31 -1 = 2 147 483 647 - What happens in 2 31 -1 seconds from ...
To use macros with parameters or not to use In C: useful, but be careful In C++: better use templates ...
A structural example - person struct person { int age; char FName[20], LName[30]; }; void person_input(person *o); void person_set(person *o, int age, char *pFN, char *pLN); void person_output(person *o); no access control over data members the programmer is responsible for using proper functio...
An OO example - person class person { int age; // class members - class variables char FName[20], LName[30]; public: void input(); // class members - class methods void set(int age, char *pFN, char *pLN); void output(); }; // declaration ends with „ ; ” data and methods together default for cla...
Memset void *memset (void *s, int c, size_t n); memset sets the first n bytes of the array s to the character c Returns s ...
