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Fentanyl Citrate
Name
N-Phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl) -4-piperidinyl]propanamide 2- hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate
CAS Registry
990-73-8
Other Names
Actiq
Duragesic
Fentanest
Leptanal
Pentanyl
Sublimaze
Fentanyl is a m-opioid receptor agonist with high lipid solubility and a rapid onset and short duration of effects. It rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Fentanyl was first synthesized in 1960 by chemist Paul Janssen, founder of the Belgian pharmaceutical firm Janssen Pharmaceutica. His synthesis of fentanyl was to react N-phenethylpiperidone with aniline to create 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine. This compound is then reacted with propionyl chloride to give pure fentanyl, which is toxic and must be diluted.
Fentanyl citrate was first used as an intravenous anesthetic called Sublimaze. Like other analgesics, it can produce insensitivity to pain without necessarily producing unconsciousness. In other forms, it is useful for treating breakthrough cancer pain or other types of moderate-to-severe chronic pain, including back pain and pain caused by sickle cell anemia.
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