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Oral tradition and oral literature
African American literature - oral tradition, oral form of stories distributed in America before they were brought to America
Rabbit - stands for African American people, outsmart the smarter; the animal messages to trick this one more intelligent
Plantation culture, music, songs about slavery, freedom as a dream
The impossibility of reading and writing - obstacles to written culture
The inauguration of African American tradition in verse - kind of material accessed to them; with the white patrons
Phillis Wheatley (1753 - 1784), enslaved at the age of eight, is widely known as the first African-American woman in United States' history to have her poetry published. Constant themes in Wheatley's poems are death, religion, and the struggle of blacks in the U.S. Wheatley also composed many poems that are a type of tribute to admirable figures or influential persons in her life. Wheatley traveled to London and back, with flexibility rare to other enslaved persons, and held an audience with the Lord Mayor of London as well as other delegates. Wheatley's works, at the time, were respected in the realm of literature and impressed all who didn't believe a young girl could produce such works.
1st poet, lived at the turn of the 17th c
The cooperation of Susan Wheatley with the help; Poems (1773) - 1st volume poetry published by African American, not success though
Neo-classical forms
The picture of Africa - America - her house
Pleas for freedom
Writes about freedom - “In every human breast God has implemented principle which we call for freedom”
Liberty and Peace (1770)
Links the forging for freedom of colonists to her own freedom of oppression
Never forgets about the sense of dignity, writes about blacks with a sense of dignity; sense of her own dignity
References to the classical poet Terence
“On being brought from Africa to America” - her clarit; has access to Christianity; we can't forget about educational background
Compares herself to other classical poets
Her audience was meant to be white, Christians - target audience
Failure to find many readers for her published poetry and people didn't think of African Americans as poets; not very strict with white Americans
Lasting influence The influence of Phillis Wheatley's work has grown extensively throughout the years. During her life, Phillis Wheatley's writings were read and praised across North America and parts of Europe. To this day Wheatley's talent in composition and expression continue to be marveled, along with her incredible mastery of the English language, which occurred in such a short period of time. For many, Phillis Wheatley stood as an example of talent and inspiration for African-Americans in the United States. Recent poets such as Margaret Walker Alexander and Naomi Long Madgett have written poems in Phillis Wheatley's honor, while fellow poets Audre Lorde, Alice Walker, Nikki Giovanni and June Jordan cite Wheatley as an inspiration or influence. Wheatley's entry in the Norton Anthology of African American Literature states that "Wheatley first had to write her way into American literature before she or any other black writer could claim a special mission and purpose for an African American literature. ... No single writer has contributed more to the founding of African American Literature.”
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