The switch statement • Syntax: switch ( expression ) { case const-expr : statements case const-expr : statements default: statements } • Example: switch (c=getchar()) { case '0': printf("Zero...
The ternary operator ?: • Syntax: expr 1 ? expr 2 : expr 3 • The expression expr 1 is evaluated first • If it is true (not 0), then the result is equal to expr 2 • Otherwise expr 3 is evaluated as the value • Only one of expr 2 and expr 3 is evaluated •
Tmpfile • Creates a temporary file. FILE *tmpfile( void ); • creates a temporary file and returns a pointer to that stream • The user does not specify / know the name of the file • NULL if error • The file is automatically deleted when: - the file...
Unicode • ASCII does not cover characters from all languages • „ Standards” - only a partial solution • Solution: Unicode • Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems • More than 109,000 ...
Variables in memory • Each variable is stored somewhere in the memory • The address of a variable is the index of the first memory byte where the variable is stored • The number of bytes occupied by a variable depends on its type and the system; ch...
Very big integers: long long int • Available in some systems • Usually 64 bits long • Range: - -9223372036854775808 .. 9223372036854775807 (signed) - 0 .. 18446744073709551615 (unsigned) • Printing with
Calligraphic characters As some of the calligraphic characters are a little unusual in appearance, we provide here a table showing the most often used letters paired with their Roman counterparts. The table also, for future reference, gives the names and the Standard International Units of the p...
Characteristic impedance of medium The ratio of the electric field and the magnetic field phasors calculated at any point of space has a constant value called the wave impedance of the medium and denoted by η. Thus E0 H0 = η (8.24) where η = r μ ² . (8.25) The value of this important pa...
Comments The discussion of constitutive parameters has preceded to the present length, largely to provide preparation for electromagnetic courses to be given in later years. For the purposes of the present course, only the linear lossless dielectric, linear soft ferromagnet and linear conductivi...
Complex Poynting vector Frequently we are interested in sinusoidal steady state solutions only, so we define for these the Complex Poynting Vector S = 1 2 E × H∗ . (7.15) The reason for the definition of this additional vector will be made clear in the next section. ...
