MS-DOS W systemie operacyjnym MS-DOS proces przy starcie może zarezerwować pewną ilość tzw. segmentów pamięci operacyjnej położonej poniżej adresu 655360. W trakcie życia może zarezerwować dodatkowe segmenty lub zwolnić je. Może też rezerwować i zw...
Class in programming Class in programming — generalized type defined by the programmer used for defining objects (generalized variables) provides programmer with new possibilities a class should clearly represent specific concept, idea, or real-life being, that has not been yet described by...
Class members access rules private: private members accessible for methods of this class, for methods and functions declared as friends In a class, all members are private by default public: public members accessible from outside the class In a struct, all members are public by default protec...
Classes and Abstract Data Types classes are suitable for implementing Abstract Data Types classes are Abstract Data Types We define an interface - we do not care how the methods are implemented - details are separated from the class interface (hermetization) Examples - stack, queue, point, ...
const and pointers pointer to const: const char *pc=”asdf” (or: char const *pc=”asdf”) const pointer: char * const cp=”asdcf”; const pointer to const: const char * const cpc=”asdcf”; mistakes: pc[1]='2'; cp++; cpc[1]='b'; cpc--; it is co...
Const named constants - replace #defined C constants const five = 5; void foo(const int con_i); consts - regular variables, with address, size, operators, but not to be modified const prevents programmer from mistakes use of consts permits optimization by a compiler ...
Constructing and destructing dynamic objects point *pp0=new point; point *pp1=new point(1.0); point *pp2=new point(10.0, 20.0); point *arrPoints=new point[10]; // array of 10 points // initialized with the default constructor // in order of increasing addresses // new T[] - calls only the default c...
Defining class point { double x, y; public: // … point(double, double); point(double); point() { x = y = 0.0; }; }; inline point::point(double d) { x = y = d; } point::point(double x0, double y0) { x = x0; y = y0; } ...
Destructor Called when the object is destroyed Necessary if something should be done at this timepoint Destructor for the class T: ~T(); Example ~point() // no args, no returned value ...
Default function arguments int fun(int i1, int i2=20, int i3=30); starting from the first default argument, all remaining also have to be default function with default arguments is not overloaded, &fun(int) == &fun(int, int) we may overload: int fun(int i1, int i2); // declaration is ...
