Double Stub Matching The construction of variable length lines involves the fabrication of low loss sliding contacts for both of the conductors, and as a result variable length lines are expensive. It is thus more economical to use two variable-length stubs and a fixed-length line for matching. ...
Exercises on Metallic Re fl ection 1. Follow the procedure above for the case when the incident wave is linearly polarized along the direction occupied by H in the example just given, i.e. in the direction 2. For the two different polarization...
Exponential solutions This being a second order homogeneous differential equation, we will look for waves with an exponential spatial variation, that is for solutions of the type E = E0 e−γ·r . (8.7) where E0 is a complex phasor independent of position, giving the value of the electric field ph...
Faradays law The circulation of the electric field vector E around a closed contour is equal to minus the time rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through a surface bounded by that contour, the positive direction of the surface being related to the positive direction of the contour by th...
General formula For every impedance Z we have a corresponding admittance Y = 1/Z. It is easy to show, and should be taken as an exercise, that in admittance terms the formula 2.65 for input conditions becomes YI Y0 = YL cos βl + jY0 sin βl Y0 cos βl + jYL sin βl (2.71) This turns out to ha...
Higher Level Theories The effects of these departures from the assumptions of lumped circit theory become significant when the dimensions of the apparatus we are using become comparable with the electromagnetic wave length at the frequency of operation. In this situation we need a more advanced ...
Imperfect Conductors We regard an imperfect conductor as a medium with a finite (including zero) conductivity. Insulators will under this definition be a sub-class of imperfect conductors. When both media are imperfect conductors, we consider in the next two sections the possibilities of having ...
Interpretation of the solution We consider in turn each of the terms of the solution 2.44 above, and plot the real voltage for t = 0, and for some small time δt later. The results appear in Figures 2.20 and 2.21 respectively. ...
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Our objective in this section is to derive the properties of simple plane electromagnetic waves in a linear medium free of charges and currents, of which empty space provides an example. We will find that such waves have properties that are easily and fruitfu...
Line matched at the source end There are no reflections at the source. Hence, only the original forward wave and its single reflection are present. The total load voltage is as shown in Figure 2.12. We note that Γv(L) can be positive or negative. Cases of open circuit and short circuit terminati...
