JOHN THE LACKLAND - treacherous (zdradziecki, podstępny), his rule was oppressive (oparty na ucisku). He was in conflict with: Nobles Merchants Church 1204 - John more and more unpopular. French king invaded Normandy, people lost the land. Engl...
Romans - first invaders who had written language, so their invasion was a turning point for Britain Nomadic groups - don't stay at one place Barrow, burial mound - kurhan Beaker - bell-shaped thing used for drinking - puchar Hill-fort Ploughin...
REPUBLICAN BRITAIN (1649-1660) It was only time since 1066 when Britain had no monarch. Who ruled? Rump Parliament. They decided: To abolish office of the king To abolish House of Lords To abolish Anglican Church Act: England = Commonwealth and a Free State House of Commons were supreme autho...
EDWARD II 1332 Edward II divided Parliament: House of Commons House of Lords English became official language of Parliament (earlier it was French). 1337 - Edward II declared he is a rightful heir to the French crown, which began 100 war. CHIVALRY = a code of a perfect knight. Perfect, brave,...
THE HOUSE OF LORDS House of Lords is older than House of Commons. There are many traditions, so not many things can be changed. 1957 - Life Peerage Act - at the very beginning everybody with the title of lord could participate in HoL debates. Act established “life lords” - their title is only for ...
RELIGION ESTABLISHED CHURCHES (official, recognised): Church of England (Anglican) - London Parliament, bishops, archbishops of House of Lords. Changes in this church should go through Parliament. Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) - no hierarchy. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND Westminster Abbey - main c...
THE POLICE Largest numer of crimes commited in UK are criminal crimes. VICTIMS Victim Support Scheme (psychological, police telling how to prevent crime in future) Compensation - in the past were only fines (money paid to the state, not to victi...
MONARCHY - The UK is the most ancient (starodawny, starożytny) secular institution in the world. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR - 1ST English monarch MONARCHY WAS BROKEN ONCE (THERE WAS A REPUBLIC). The continuity was broken 1649-1660 (11 years). There was a struggle between Parliament and monarch, monarc...
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND (second established church in UK) Separate from Anglican Church No hierarchy From the very beginning men and women could be priests Presbyterian form of Protestantism Followed Martin Luter More protestant than Anglican Church Its own organization: ALL people are equal (they...
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY Country is governed by monarch Monarch receives authority from parliament (monarch reigns, but not rule) PARLIAMENT - Middle Ages. There was always a conflict between parliament and monarch, and parliament won the struggle. There's NO CONSTITUTION in Britain. Instead of i...
